There is barely anything in it. The doenjang paste is about 40 calories for the 30g a pot uses, tofu is 60, and the vegetables (zucchini, potato, onion, chili) come to 35. The anchovy stock is close to zero. That is how a full pot that fills you up lands at 145, about the same as one slice of bread.
Because the stew is so light, it is the rice and the sides that decide your lunch. A 210g bowl of rice is 310, more than double the stew. The typical 8,000 won doenjang jjigae set comes with rice, a fried egg or gyeran-mari, and 3 to 4 banchan, so a realistic total is 500 to 600. Still one of the cheapest, lowest-calorie set meals you can order.
The versions that go higher are the ones with meat. Chadol doenjang jjigae with beef brisket adds 80 to 120 calories, and some gogi-jip serve it as a rich, oily finisher after samgyeopsal where the pork fat from the grill ends up in the pot. That version is closer to 250. On its own, at a lunch place, it is 145.